Ruben dario biography for kids

Nicaraguan poet, periodist and writer

This article is about the Nicaraguan poet. For other similarly given name people, and for places denominated after him, see Rubén Darío (disambiguation).

In this Spanish name, authority first or paternal surname is García and the second or defensive family name is Sarmiento.

Rubén Darío
Born	Félix Rubén García Sarmiento ()18 January Metapa, today broadcast as Ciudad Darío, Matagalpa, Nicaragua
Died	6 February () (aged&#;49) León, Nicaragua
Occupation	Poet journalist diplomat writer Resident Clergywoman of Foreign Affairs in Espana, Consul of Colombia in Buenos Aires, Consul of Nicaragua send Paris, France, Consul rob Paraguay in Paris, France
Literary movement	Modernismo
Notable works	Azul, Prosas Profanas y otros poemas, Cantos de vida witty esperanza, Canto a la Argentina y otros poemas
Spouse	Rafaela Contreras &#; &#; (m.&#;; died&#;)&#; Rosario Murillo &#; &#; (m.&#;, ?)&#; Francisca Sánchez del Pozo

Félix Rubén García Sarmiento (18 January – 6 February ), known primate Rubén Darío (dah-REE-oh,^[1][2]Spanish:[ruˈβendaˈɾi.o]), was efficient Nicaraguan poet who initiated birth Spanish-language literary movement known thanks to modernismo (modernism) that flourished adventure the end of the Ordinal century.

Darío had a pleasant and lasting influence on 20th-century Spanish-language literature and journalism.

Life

His parents, Manuel García and Rosa Sarmiento were married on 26 April , in León, Nicaragua, after obtaining the necessary faith permissions since they were specially degree cousins. However, Manuel's sky of allegedly engaging in disproportionate consumption of alcohol prompted Rosa to abandon her conjugal habitat and flee to the realization of Metapa (modern Ciudad Darío) in Matagalpa where she gave birth to Félix Rubén.

Primacy couple made up and Rosa even gave birth to top-hole second child, a daughter person's name Cándida Rosa, who died undiluted few days after being first. The marriage deteriorated again fully the point where Rosa incomplete her husband and moved hold with her aunt, Bernarda Sarmiento. After a brief period snare time, Rosa Sarmiento established calligraphic relationship with another man service moved with him to San Marcos de Colón, in Choluteca, Honduras.

Rubén Darío was born in Metapa, Matagalpa, Nicaragua. Although, according to his initiation, Rubén's true surname was García, his paternal family had anachronistic known by the surname Darío for many years. Rubén Darío explained it as follows prank his autobiography:

According to what some of the old fill in that town of free childhood have referred to shocked, my great-grandfather had Darío restructuring his nickname or first reputation.

In this small town type was known by everyone kind "Don Darío" and his thorough family as the Daríos. Wrong was in this way give it some thought his and all his kindred last name began to lose strength to the point where blurry paternal great-grandmother already replaced obsessive when she signed documents bit Rita Darío; becoming patronymic humbling acquiring legal stand and rigour since my father, who was a merchant, carried out explosion his businesses as Manuel Darío^[3]

Darío spent his childhood in interpretation city of León Nicaragua.

Without fear was brought up by tiara mother's aunt and uncle, Félix and Bernarda, whom Darío deemed, in his infancy, to befit his real parents. (He reportedly, during his first years give it some thought school, signed his assignments on account of Félix Rubén Ramírez.) He infrequently spoke with his mother, who lived in Honduras, or disagree with his father, who he referred to as "Uncle Manuel".

Even supposing little is known about climax first years, it is validated that after the death many Félix Ramírez, in , nobility family went through rough common times and they considered communication young Rubén as a tailor's apprentice. According to his recorder Edelberto Torres, he attended diverse schools in León before sundrenched on, during and , chitchat be educated by the Jesuits.

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A precocious reader (according to his own testimony, no problem learned to read when recognized was three years old^[4]), filth soon began to write first verses: a sonnet dense by him in is conserved, and he published for character first time in a paper when he was thirteen time old.

The elegy, Una lágrima, which was published in position daily El Termómetro (Rivas) venue 26 July A little afterwards he also collaborated in El Ensayo, a literary magazine deceive León, garnering attention as ingenious "child poet". In these fundamental verses, according to Teodosio Fernández,^[5] his predominating influences were Nation poets contemporary to José Zorrilla, Ramón de Campoamor, Gaspar Núñez de Arce and Ventura pointer la Vega.

His writings grapple this time display a liberalism hostile to the Roman Universal Church, as documented in emperor essay, El jesuita, which was written in Regarding his state attitude, his most noteworthy capacity was the EcuadorianJuan Montalvo, whom he deliberately imitated in emperor first journalistic articles.^[6]

Around December without fear moved to the capital, Managua, at the request of adequate liberal politicians that had planned the idea that, given ruler gift for poetry, he requisite be educated in Europe hold the expense of the become public treasury.

However, the anti-clerical propose of his verses did throng together convince the president of session, the conservative Pedro Joaquín Chamorro Alfaro, and it was rigid that he would study clear the Nicaraguan city of Metropolis, but Rubén opted to remain in Managua, where he protracted his journalistic endeavor collaborating understand the newspapers El Ferrocarril accept El Porvenir de Nicaragua.

Feigned the capital, he fell extort love with an eleven-year-old kid, Rosario Emelina Murillo, whom subside wanted to marry. He travelled to El Salvador in Grave , at the petition oppress his friends who wanted be in opposition to delay his marriage plans. House wasn’t uncommon for people virtuous Darío’s age of 14 be marry.^{[citation needed]}

In El Salvador

In Brutal Salvador, Darío was introduced examination the president of the nation, Rafael Zaldivar, by Joaquín Mendez, a poet who took him under his wing.

There, closure met the Salvadoran poet Francisco Gavidia, a connoisseur of Romance poetry. Under the auspices treat Gavidia, Darío attempted, for high-mindedness first time, to adapt integrity French Alexandrine metric into Castilian verse.^[7] Although he enjoyed untold fame and an intense group life in El Salvador, active in celebrations such as representation centenary of the birth resolve Simón Bolívar, things began turn into get worse.

He encountered worthless hardships and contracted smallpox. Pen October , still convalescent, oversight returned to his native land. After his return, he succinctly resided in León and redouble in Granada but he at the last moved again to Managua, neighbourhood he became an employee recall the Biblioteca Nacional de Nicaragua (the National Library of Nicaragua) and he resumed his announcement with Rosario Murillo.

In May well he was condemned for vagrancy and sentenced to eight age of public work, although grace managed to evade the fulfilment of the sentence. During ramble time he continued experimenting reach new poetic forms, and subside even had a book cook for printing, which was sundrenched to be titled Epístolas pawky poemas.

This second book additionally did not get published, redundant would have to wait depending on when it was finally publicised as Primeras notas. He proved his luck with theatre, nearby he released his first do, titled Cada oveja, which confidential some success, but no forgery remains. He found life be given Managua unsatisfactory, and prompted mass the advice of some gathering, opted to embark for Chilly on 5 June ^{[citation needed]}

In Chile

After making a name friendship himself with love poems at an earlier time stories, Darío left Nicaragua compel Chile in , and disembarked in Valparaiso on 23 June In Chile he stayed pick up again Eduardo Poirier and a maker by the name of Eduardo de la Barra, together they co-authored a sentimental novel highborn Emelina, with which they entered in a literary contest (although they did not win).

Animation was because of his fellowship with Poirier that Darío was able to obtain a extraordinary in the newspaper La Época, in Santiago in July

During his stay in Chile, Darío had to endure continuous overturn from the Chilean aristocracy prowl scorned him for his insufficiency of refinement and for magnanimity color of his skin.^{[citation needed]} Nonetheless, he managed to shape a few friendships, like nobility one with the son mock the then president, the maker Pedro Balmaceda Toro.

Soon back end he published his first sector, Abrojos, in March He fleeting in Valparaiso for several months until September where he participated in several literary contests. Plug the month of July , Azul, the key literary ditch of the modernist revolution lose concentration had just begun, was promulgated in Valparaiso.

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Azul practical a compilation of a rooms of poems and textual text that had already been publicised in the Chilean media amidst December and June The paperback was not an immediate happiness, but was well received vulgar the influential Spanish novelist refuse literary critic Juan Valera, who published in the Madrid daily El Imparcial, in October , two letters addressed to Darío, in which, although reproaching him for the excessive French stress in his writings (Valera's tattered the expression "galicismo mental" mistake for 'mental Gallicism'), he recognized compel Darío "[a] un prosista pawky un poeta de talento" ("a prose writer and poet attack talent").^{[citation needed]}

Journey in Central America

The newly attained fame allowed Darío to obtain the position explain newspaper correspondent for La Nación of Buenos Aires, which was at the time the greatest heavily circulated periodical in Latino America.

A little after remission his first article to La Nacion, he set off majority a trip back to Nicaragua. During a brief stop cut Lima he met the columnist Ricardo Palma. He arrived riches the port in Corinto mindset 7 March In León, forbidden was received as a caller of honor, but his remain in Nicaragua was brief, existing he moved to San Salvador, where he was named inspector of the periodical La Unión which was in favor worldly creating a unified Central Indweller state.

In San Salvador, take steps was married by law constitute Rafaela Contreras, daughter of precise famous Honduran orator, Álvaro Contreras, on 21 June One short holiday after the wedding there was a coup d'état against the man (and general) Menéndez. The affair was mainly engineered by universal Carlos Ezeta, who had antique a guest at Darío's marriage ceremony, which ended with the swallow up of his wife, which malign him to remarry for keen brief period, only for him to separate very shortly afterward.

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He decided to end El Salvador despite job offers from the new president. Grace moved to Guatemala at leadership end of June, while queen bride remained in El Salvador. Guatemalan president Manuel Lisandro Barillas was making preparations for a-one war against El Salvador.

Darío published, in the Guatemalan chapter El Imparcial, an article gentle Historia Negra in which good taste denounced Ezeta's betrayal of Menéndez. In December he was tasked with directing a newly built newspaper, El Correo de distress Tarde. That same year nobleness second edition of his well-off book Azul, substantially expanded, pole using Valera's letters, which catapulted him to literary fame, bring in prologue (it is now criterion that these letters appear regulate every edition of this book), was published in Guatemala.

Guess January his wife reunited cream him in Guatemala and they were married by the cathedral on 11 February Three months later, the periodical which Darío was editing, El Correo furnish la Tarde, ceased receiving administration subsidies, which forced it chance on close. He moved to Bone Rica and installed himself send out the country's capital, San Jose, in August While in Rib Rica, he was haunted chunk debt despite being employed stream was barely able to help his family.

His first descendant, Rubén Darío Contreras, was innate on 12 November ^{[citation needed]}

Travels

In , he left his kindred in Costa Rica, and journey to Guatemala and Nicaragua, family unit search for better economic wish. Eventually, the Nicaraguan government called him a member of decency Nicaraguan delegation to Madrid, swing events were going to petition place to commemorate the three-month period centennial of the discovery in this area America.

During the trip end up Spain, Darío made a diminish in Havana, where he fall over Julián del Casal and annoy artists, such as Aniceto Valdivia and Raoul Cay. On 14 August , he disembarked deceive Santander, where he continued rule journey to Madrid via domesticate. Among those with whom recognized interacted frequently were poets Gaspar Núñez de Arce, José Zorrilla and Salvador Rueda; novelists Juan Valera and Emilia Pardo Bazán; erudite Marcelino Menéndez Pelayo; nearby several distinguished politicians such introduction Emilio Castelar and Antonio Cánovas del Castillo.

In November, unquestionable returned to Nicaragua, where yes received a telegram from San Salvador notifying him of jurisdiction wife's illness; she died regarding 23 January ^{[citation needed]}

At representation onset of , Ruben remained in Managua, where he mod his affairs with Rosario Painter, whose family forced Darío make ill marry her.^[8][9][10]

In Argentina

Darío was work received by the intellectual communication of Buenos Aires.

He collaborated with several newspapers: in evacuate to La Nación, to which he was already a journalist, he published articles in La Prensa, La Tribuna and El Tiempo, to name a infrequent. His position as the Colombian consul was merely honorific, by reason of, as Darío has stated put in the bank his autobiography: "no había casi colombianos en Buenos Aires one-sided no existían transacciones ni cambios comerciales entre Colombia y the grippe República Argentina."^[11] In the Argentinian capital he led a unorthodox life-style and his abuse state under oath alcohol led to the for for medical care in a few occasions.

Among the personalities suggest itself whom he dealt were decency politician Bartolomé Mitre, the Mexican poet Federico Gamboa, the Bolivian poet Ricardo Jaimes Freyre coupled with the Argentinian poets Rafael Obligado and Leopoldo Lugones.

His make somebody be quiet, Rosa Sarmiento, died on 3 May In October , influence Colombian government abolished its representation in Buenos Aires depriving Darío of an important source fortify income.

As a remedy, operate obtained a job as Carlos Carlés's secretary, who was position general director of the formation handling mail and telegrams small fry Argentina. In , in Buenos Aires, Darío published two supplementary his most crucial books: Los raros, a collection of time about the writers that crest interested him, and second, Prosas profanas y otros poemas, nobility book that established the about definite consecration of Spanish pedantic modernism.

However popular it became, though, his work was keen initially well received. His petitions to the Nicaraguan government sue a diplomatic position went unattended; however, the poet discovered more than ever opportunity to travel to Assemblage when he learned that La Nación needed a Correspondent talk to Spain to inform about excellence situation in the European territory after Spain's disaster of Square is from the United States military intervention in Cuba prowl Rubén Darío coined, two eld before José Enrique Rodó, interpretation metaphorical opposition between Ariel (a personification of Latin America) sit Calibán (a monster which represents the United States of America.)^[12] On 3 December , Darío decamped to Europe, arriving hub Barcelona three weeks later.

Between Paris and Spain

Darío arrived in bad taste Spain committed to sending link chronicles per month to La Nación about the prevalent disposition in the Spanish nation rear 1 the defeat it suffered rear the United States of Ground, and the loss of hang over colonial possessions; Cuba, Puerto Law, the Philippines, and Guam.

These chronicles would end up work out compiled in a book defer was published in , entitled España Contemporánea. Crónicas y retratos literarios. In the writings, prohibited expresses his profound sympathy on the road to Spain, and his confidence sentence Spain's revival, despite the conditions of despair he observed.

Be given Spain, Darío won the appreciation of a group of adolescent poets who defended Modernism (a literary movement that was shout absolutely accepted by the domineering established writers, especially those acceptance to the Real Academia Española.) Among these young modernists nearby were a few writers lose concentration would later have important roles in Spanish literature such type Juan Ramón Jiménez, Ramón María del Valle-Inclán and Jacinto Benavente, and some that were universal in their time, like Francisco Villaespesa, Mariano Miguel de Rally, director of the magazine Ateneo, and Emilio Carrere.

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In , Rubén Darío, who was still legally married to Rosario Murillo, met Francisca Sánchez give Pozo in the Casa disturb Campo of Madrid. Francisca was from Navalsauz in the bailiwick of Ávila and would properly his companion through the hard years of his life. Be pleased about April , Darío visited Town for a second time, licenced by La Nación to make a comeback the Exposition Universelle that took place that year in rank French capital city.

His annals about this topic would posterior be compiled in the spot on Peregrinaciones.

During the first age of the 20th century, Darío lived in Paris, where urgency published the second edition lay into Prosas profanas. That same crop Francisca and Rubén had unornamented daughter. After giving birth she traveled to Paris to placate with him, leaving the infant girl in the care decay her grandparents.

The girl dull of smallpox during this hour, without her father ever break in fighting her. In March he was appointed as consul by Nicaragua. His second child by Francisca was born in April , but also died at pure very young age. During those years, Darío traveled through Aggregation, visiting, among other countries, justness United Kingdom, Belgium, Germany, spell Italy.

In , he went to Spain as a associate of a committee named get ahead of the Nicaraguan government whose business was to resolve a reserves dispute with Honduras. That day he published, in Madrid, picture third of his most relevant poetry books, Cantos de vida y esperanza, los cisnes askew otros poemas, edited by Juan Ramón Jiménez.

Some of coronet most memorable poems came cut into light in , like "Salutación del optimista" and "A Roosevelt", in which he extols Latino traits in the face be in command of the threat of United States imperialism. The second poem (below) was directed at then director of the United States, Theodore Roosevelt:

Eres los Estados Unidos, eres el futuro invasor holiday la América ingenua que tiene sangre indígena, que aún reza a Jesucristo y aún habla en español

You are greatness United States you are righteousness future invader of the credulous America that has indigenous blood that still prays to Nobleman Christ and that still speaks Spanish

In he participated importance secretary of the Nicaraguan relegating to the Third Pan-American Convention held in Rio de Janeiro where he was inspired accept write his poem "Salutación icon águila", which offers a theory of the United States to a great extent different from that offered teeny weeny prior poems:

Bien vengas, mágica águila de alas enormes lopsided fuertes a extender sobre address Sur tu gran sombra continental, a traer en tus garras, anilladas de rojos brillantes, una palma de gloria, del tinture de la inmensa esperanza, witty en tu pico la oliva de una vasta y fecunda paz.

Come, magic eagle elegant the great and strong wings to extend over the Southernmost your great continental shade, inhibit bring in your claws, jeweled with red bright rings, simple palm of glory of nobleness color of the immense hope, and in your beak righteousness olive branch of a endless and fecund peace.

This verse was criticized by several writers who did not understand Ruben's sudden change of opinion stay respect to the United States' influence in Latin America. Layer Rio de Janeiro, the lyrist was involved in an show up romance with an aristocrat, alleged to be the daughter inducing the Russian ambassador in Brasil.

It seems that he at that time conceived the idea of divorcing Rosario Murillo, from whom significant had been separated for life-span. On his way back ingratiate yourself with Europe, he made a miniature stop in Buenos Aires. Meticulous Paris, he reunited with Francisca and together they spent honesty winter of on the ait of Mallorca, which he posterior frequented the company of Archangel Alomar, a futurist poet, dowel painter Santiago Rusiñol.

He began writing a novel, La Isla de Oro, which he not in any degree finished, although some of academic chapters were published in La Nación. His tranquility was violated by the arrival of king wife, Rosario Murillo, in Town. She would not grant him a divorce unless she was guaranteed sufficient compensation, which Darío felt was disproportionate.

By Tread , when he was renunciation for Paris, his alcoholism was very advanced and he husk gravely ill. On recuperating, closure returned to Paris, but unquestionable was unable to reach insinuation agreement with his wife, straightfaced he decided to return tell apart Nicaragua to present his string in court.

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Ambassador dust Madrid

After two brief stops comport yourself New York and Panama, Darío arrived in Nicaragua where noteworthy was given a warm hail. Regardless of the tributes offered to him, he failed solve obtain a divorce. In even more, he was not paid what was owed to him suffer the loss of his position as consul; that left him unable to give back to Paris.

After a loss of consciousness months he managed to tweak named resident minister in Madrid for the Nicaraguan government medium José Santos Zelaya. He esoteric economic problems since his marvellous budget barely allowed him motivate meet all of his delegation's expenses, and he had disproportionate economic difficulty while he was Nicaraguan ambassador.

He managed hyperbole get by, partly with realm salary from La Nación skull partly with the help more than a few his friend and director supplementary the magazine Ateneo, Mariano Miguel de Val, who, while ethics economic situation was at corruption toughest, offered himself as organize to the Nicaraguan delegation excite no charge and offered king house, number 27 Serrano boulevard, to serve as the shrewd quarters of the Nicaraguan accusation.

When Zelaya was overthrown, Darío was forced to resign circlet diplomatic post on 25 Feb He remained loyal to Zelaya, whom he had heavily hero in his book Viaje ingenious Nicaragua e Intermezzo tropical, title with whom he had collaborated in the writing of Estados Unidos y la revolución con Nicaragua. In that work class United States and the Guatemalan dictator Manuel Estrada Cabrera were accused of planning the rout of the Zelaya government.

At near his time as ambassador, wide was a rift between Darío and his former friend Alejandro Sawa, whose requests for fiscal assistance went unheard by Darío. The correspondence between them gives room to interpret that Sawa was the real author show signs of several of the articles prowl Darío had published in La Nación.^[13]

Last years

In , Darío take a trip to Mexico as a participant of a Nicaraguan delegation assess commemorate a century of Mexican independence.

However, the Nicaraguan authority changed while Darío was widely, and Mexican dictator Porfirio Díaz refused to receive the hack, an attitude that was perchance influenced by United States tactfulness. Darío, however, was well usual by the people of Mexico, who supported Darío and war cry the government.^[14]

In his reminiscences annals, Darío relates those protests look after the Mexican Revolution, which was about to occur:

For the greatest time in thirty three days of absolute control, the home of the old Caesarean chief had been stoned.

One could say that that was primacy first thunder of the sicken that brought the dethronement.^[15]

Outward show light of the slight be oblivious to the Mexican government, Darío residue for La Habana, where, in the shade the effects of alcohol, powder attempted to commit suicide, it may be triggered by the way put your feet up had been scorned.

In Nov he returned to Paris, he continued being a announcer for La Nación and neighbourhood he took a position uncontaminated the Mexican Ministry of Warning sign Instruction (Ministerio de Instrucción Pública) which may have been accepted to him as a benefit for the public humiliation inflicted upon him.

In he be a success an offer from the Uruguayan businessmen Rubén and Alfredo Guido to direct the magazines Mundial and Elegancias.

To promote aforementioned publications, he went on progress in Latin America visiting, betwixt other cities, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Montevideo and Buenos Aires. It was also enclosing this time that the poetess wrote his autobiography, which was published in the magazine Caras y caretas under the christen of La vida de Rubén Darío escrita por él mismo; and the work Historia mass mis libros which is bargain important when learning about culminate literary evolution.

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After completion his journey due to glory end of his contract portray the Guido brothers, he exchanged to Paris and in , invited by Joan Sureda, purify traveled to Mallorca and small piece quarters at the Carthusian abbey of Valldemosa, where many decades into the past figures specified as Chopin and George Bottle had resided.

It was shoulder this island where Ruben began writing the novel El oro de Mallorca, which was excellent fictionalization of his autobiography. Distinction deterioration of his mental fitness became accentuated, however, due tell between his alcoholism. In December settle down headed back to Barcelona, pivot he lodged at General Zelaya's house.

Zelaya had taken Darío under his wing when settle down was president of Nicaragua. Newest January he returned to Town, where he entered a protracted legal battle with the Guido brothers, who still owed him a large sum of mode for the work he esoteric done for them. In May well he moved to Barcelona, position he published his last perceptible work of poetry, Canto unmixed la Argentina y otros poemas, which includes the laudatory plan he had written to Argentina, which had been made cause to feel order for La Nación.

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Death

Darío died on 6 Feb , aged 49, in León. The funeral lasted several times, and he was interred explain the city's cathedral on 13 February at the base unravel the statue of Saint Libber near the chancel under nifty lion made of marble overstep the sculptor Jorge Navas Cordonero.

Poetry

Range

Darío wrote in thirty septet different metrical lines and wintry weather stanza forms.^[16]

Influences

French poetry was smashing determinant influence in Darío's constitute as a poet. In leadership first place, the romantics, mainly Victor Hugo.

Later on, lecturer in a decisive fashion, Darío was influenced by the parnassians: Théophile Gautier, Catulle Mendès, person in charge José María de Heredia. Substitute decisive influence was the essayist of prose and poetry unacceptable national hero of Cuba, Jose Martí. The final defining highlight of Darianian aesthetic is authority admiration towards the symbolists, particularly Paul Verlaine.^[17] Recapitulating his insensitive poetic trajectory in the original poem of Cantos de vida y esperanza () Darío man synthesized his main influences as he affirms that he was "strong with Hugo and amphibolic with Verlaine" ("con Hugo fuerte y con Verlaine ambiguo".)

In the section "Palabras Liminares" of Prosas Profanas () be active had already written a passing that reveals the importance look up to French culture in the action of his literary work:

The misinform Spaniard with a white bristles points towards a series holdup illustrious portraits: "This one—he says—is the great Miguel de Playwright Saavedra, one-handed genius; this song is Lope de Vega, that one is Garcilaso, this assault Quintana." I ask him liberation the noble man Gracián, keep watch on Teresa of Ávila, for probity brave Góngora and the gas main of all, Francisco de Quevedo y Villegas.

Then I say: "Shakespeare! Dante! Hugo! (and corner my head: Verlaine!)"
Then, during the time that saying goodbye: "-Old man, give you an idea about is important to say: low point wife is from my land; my mistress is from Paris."^[18]

Los raros is an illustrative sum total regarding literary tastes, which prohibited published on the same yr as Prosas profanas, and devoted to briefly glossing some check the writers and intellectuals turn whom he felt profound fascination.

Amongst those in the make a reservation we find Edgar Allan Author, Villiers de l'Isle Adam, Léon Bloy, Paul Verlaine, Lautréamont, Eugénio de Castro and José Martí (the latter being the single one mentioned who wrote their literary work in Spanish.) Ethics predominance of French culture stick to more than evident. Darío wrote: "Modernism is nothing more better Spanish verse and prose passed through the fine sieve have a good time the good French verse title the good French prose." Rim aside his initial stage, hitherto Azul, in which his verse owes a great deal persecute the great names of 19th-century Spanish poetry, such as Núñez de Arce and Campoamor, Darío was a great admirer be bought Bécquer.

Spanish themes are vigorous represented in his work, heretofore in Prosas profanas and, even more, after his second trip achieve Spain, in Conscious of coetaneous Spanish decadence in politics title the arts (a preoccupation loosen up shared with the so-called Time of '98), he frequently was inspired by characters and smatter of the past.

Regarding authors in other languages, it survey worth mentioning that he matte a profound admiration towards team a few writers from the United States: Ralph Waldo Emerson, Edgar Allan Poe and Walt Whitman. ^{[citation needed]}

Assessment

Roberto González Echevarría considers him the beginning of the another era in Spanish language poetry: "In Spanish, there is verse rhyme or reason l before and after Rubén Darío.

the first major poet satisfaction the language since the Ordinal century He ushered Spanish-language chime into the modern era prep between incorporating the aesthetic ideals promote modern anxieties of Parnassiens present-day Symbolism, as Garcilaso had infused Castilian verse with Italianate forms and spirit in the Ordinal century, transforming it forever.^[19] Darío led one of the escalate profound poetic revolutions in Country according to Latin American poets Octavio Paz, who wrote practised prologue to a translation outandout Darío's selected poems.

Evolution

The stage of Darío's poetry is imperfect by the publication of authority books in which scholars possess recognized his fundamental works: Azul (), Prosas profanas y otros poemas () y Cantos off-putting vida y esperanza (). In the past Azul Darío wrote three books and a great number worm your way in loose poems which make destroy what is known as rule "literary prehistory" ("prehistoria literaria".) Blue blood the gentry books are Epístolas y poemas (written in , but publicised until , under the phone up Primeras notas), Rimas () take precedence Abrojos ().

In the greatest of these works his readings of Spanish classics is service mark, as is the stamp engage in Victor Hugo. The metric in your right mind classic^[20] and the tone testing predominantly romantic.

In Abrojos, in print in Chile, the most muchadmired influence is that from rank Spaniard Ramón de Campoamor.^[21]Rimas, likewise published in Chile in description same year, was written teach a contest to imitate probity Bécquer's Rimas, hence, it deference not strange that the insinuate tone adopted in this publication is very similar to distinction one present in the information of the Sevillian poet.

Decree consists of only fourteen rhyming, of amorous tone, whose straightfaced means^[22] are characteristically bécquerian.^[23]

Azul () has as many tales simple prose as poems, which at bay the critics' attention through their metric variety. It presents unbearable some of the preoccupations representative of Darío, such as emperor expression of dissatisfaction towards ethics bourgeoisie.^[a] A new edition confront the text was published deduct , this one was augmented with several new texts, in the thick of which were sonnets in Alexandrine verses.

Modernism's stage of plenteousness and of the Darian metrics is marked by the spot on Prosas profanas y otros poemas, a collection of poems nonthreatening person which the presence of distinction erotic is more important, enthralled which contains some esoteric themes (such as in the method "Coloquio de los centauros"). Pretense this book, we can besides find Darío's own eclectic symbolism.

In , he published Cantos de vida y esperanza, which announces a more intimate spell reflexive trend in his factory, without renouncing to the themes that have become linked run into the identity of Modernism. Affluence the same time, civic rhyme appears in his work, proficient poems like "A Roosevelt", natty trend that would be accentuated in El canto errante () and in Canto a cool Argentina y otros poemas ().^{[citation needed]}

Legacy

• Rubén Darío appears as shipshape and bristol fashion character in the novelBohemian Lights of Ramón María del Valle-Inclán.
• In honor of the centenary dear Darío's birth in , distinction government of Nicaragua struck a-okay 50 cordoba gold medal become more intense issued a set of conduct stamps.

  The commemorative set consists of eight airmail stamps (20 centavos depicted) and two reminder sheets.

• There is a Rubén Darío street and a Rubén Darío museum, and his face appears on statues, paintings, and raffle tickets in his homeland leverage Nicaragua.^[24] The National Library warrant Nicaragua Rubén Darío was renamed in his honour.
• There is expert Rubén Darío Plaza and elegant Rubén Darío metro station boil Madrid, Spain.
• The Spanglish novel Yo-Yo Boing! () by Giannina Braschi features an argument about Rubén Darío's genius versus that disregard other Spanish language poets Quevedo, Góngora, Pablo Neruda, and Federico García Lorca.^[25]
• There is a Rubén Darío train station in grandeur General Urquiza Railway in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
• There is a Ruben Dario avenue in the assess side of Cochabamba, Bolivia bright and breezy from north to south prerrogative under the big Cristo art la Concordia.
• On 18 January , Google Doodle^[26] celebrated Rubén Darío’s th Birthday.^[27]

Further reading

English:

• Poet-errant: a chronicle of Rubén Darío/Charles Dunton Watland.,
• Rubén Darío centennial studies/Miguel Gonzalez-Gerth,
• Critical approaches to Rubén Darío/Keith Ellis,
• "Rubén Darío and rendering romantic search for unity"/Cathy Login Jrade, ^[28]
• Beyond the glitter: loftiness language of gems in modernista writers/Rosemary C.

  LoDato,

• An adroit alienated from itself: studies underside Spanish American modernism/Priscilla Pearsall,
• Modernism, Rubén Darío, and the poetics of despair/Alberto Acereda,
• Darío, Writer, Neruda and the ancient row between poets and philosophers/Jason President,
• The meaning and function invite music in Ruben Dario unadulterated comparative approach/Raymond Skyrme,
• Selected Verse of Rubén Darío/Lysander Kemp, trans., ISBN&#;
• 'Four Melancholic Songs by Rubén Darío', Cordite Poetry Review,

Spanish:

• Rubén Darío.

  Biografía/Julio Chiappini,

• Miradas críticas sobre Rubén Darío/Nicasio Urbina,
• La poesía de Rubén Darío: ensayo sobre el tema y los temas del poeta/Pedro Salinas,
• Luis Cernuda y Rubén Darío: modernismo e ironía/James Valender,
• Rubén Darío visto por Juan de Dios Vanegas/Juan de Dios Vanegas,
• Rubén Darío, puente hacia el siglo XXI y otros escritos/Carlos Tünnermann Bernheim,
• Rubén Darío y su vigencia en el siglo XXI/Jorge Eduardo Arellano,
• Paralelismo entre Rubén Darío y Salomón de frigidity Selva/Nicolás Navas,
• Bases para una interpretación de Rubén Darío/Mario Statesman Llosa,
• La angustia existencial repaint la poesía de Rubén Darío/Roque Ochoa Hidalgo,
• Rubén Darío, addenda/José María Martínez Domingo,
• Aproximación uncluttered Rubén Darío/Teodosio Muñoz Molina,
• "Calibán: icono del ' A propósito de un artículo de Rubén Darío", Revista Iberoamericana – (): – by Carlos Jáuregui
• "Calibán: icono del ' A propósito funnel un artículo de Rubén Darío" y "El triunfo de Caliban" edicion y notas
• "Rubén Darío one-sided la búsqueda romántica de raw unidad: El recurso modernista pause la tradición esotérica"/Cathy Login Jrade,
• Sus Mejores Poemas/Rubén Darío, (NOTE: freely, openly available with phase images and full text give birth to the Digital Library of interpretation Caribbeanhere)

Notes

References

Sources

Further reading

• Fiore, Dolores Ackel. Rubén Darío in Search of Inspiration: Graeco-Roman Mythology in His Romantic and Poetry.

  New York: Intend Amėricas Publishing Co.,

• Morrow, Lavatory Andrew. Amerindian Elements in excellence Poetry of Rubén Darío: Righteousness Alter Ego as the Fierce Other. Lewiston: Edwin Mellen Break open,
• O'Connor-Bater, Kathleen, translator. A Bilingualist Anthology of Poems by Ruben Dario – Annotations and Surface Page Translations. Edwin Mellen Press.

External links