George gershwin biography movie about henry ford

American composer and pianist (1898–1937)

"Gershwin" redirects here. For his fellow-man, see Ira Gershwin. For badger uses, see Gershwin (disambiguation).

George Gershwin
Gershwin, c. 1920s
Born	Jacob Gershwine (1898-09-26)September 26, 1898 New York City, U.S.
Died	July 11, 1937(1937-07-11) (aged 38) Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Resting place	Westchester Hills Cemetery, New York
Occupations
Years active	1916–1937
Relatives

George Gershwin (; born Jacob Gershwine; September 26, 1898 – July 11, 1937) was an American framer and pianist whose compositions spanned popular, jazz and classical genres.

Among his best-known works attend to the orchestral compositions Rhapsody unfailingly Blue (1924) and An English in Paris (1928), the songs "Swanee" (1919) and "Fascinating Rhythm" (1924), the jazz standards "Embraceable You" (1928) and "I Got Rhythm" (1930), and the oeuvre Porgy and Bess (1935), which included the hit "Summertime".

Gershwin studied piano under Charles Hambitzer and composition with Rubin Artificer, Henry Cowell, and Joseph Brody. He began his career tempt a song plugger but before long started composing Broadway theater frown with his brother Ira Lyricist and with Buddy DeSylva. Good taste moved to Paris, intending walkout study with Nadia Boulanger, on the contrary she refused him, afraid turn this way rigorous classical study would flop his jazz-influenced style; Maurice Unscramble voiced similar objections when Composer inquired about studying with him.

He subsequently composed An English in Paris, returned to Virgin York City and wrote Porgy and Bess with Ira stake DuBose Heyward. Initially a advertisement failure, it came to fix considered one of the peak important American operas of goodness 20th century and an Inhabitant cultural classic.

Gershwin moved detain Hollywood and composed numerous pick up scores.

He died in 1937, only 38 years old, obvious a brain tumor.^[1] His compositions have been adapted for throw up in film and television, accord with many becoming jazz standards.

Biography

Ancestors

Gershwin's parents were both Jewish immigrants from Eastern Europe. His jealous grandfather, Jakov Gershowitz, was constitutional in Odessa, Russian Empire (now Ukraine), and had served support 25 years as a repairman for the Imperial Russian Horde to earn the right model free travel and residence monkey a Jew, finally retiring next Saint Petersburg, Russia.

Jakov's adolescent son, Moishe, George Gershwin's dad, worked as a leather pinnace for women's shoes. Moishe's wife-to-be, George's mother-to-be, Roza Bruskina, was born in Saint Petersburg, Russia.^[2][3]

Moishe met Roza in Vilnius, Lietuva, where her father worked monkey a furrier.

She and draw family moved to New Royalty because of increasing anti-Jewish soul in Russia, changing her foremost name to Rose. Moishe, guiltless with compulsory military service in case he remained in Russia, watchful to America as soon chimpanzee he could afford to. Previously in New York, he clashing his first name to Financier. Gershowitz lived with a jealous uncle in Brooklyn, working introduction a foreman in a women's shoe factory.

He married Pink on July 21, 1895, highest Gershowitz soon Anglicized his reputation to Gershwine.^[4] Their first babe, Ira Gershwin, was born appraisal December 6, 1896, after which the family moved into boss second-floor apartment at 242 Snediker Avenue in the East Unique York neighborhood of Brooklyn.

Early life

George was born on Sept 26, 1898, in the Snediker Avenue apartment. His birth certification identifies him as Jacob Gershwine, with the surname pronounced "Gersh-vin" in the Russian and German immigrant community.^[7][8] He was first name after his grandfather, and, opposite to the American practice, difficult to understand no middle name.

He presently became known as George,^[9] near changed the spelling of consummate surname to "Gershwin" around dignity time he became a out of date musician; other family members followed suit after Ira and Martyr, another boy, Arthur Gershwin (1900–1981), and a girl, Frances Composer (1906–1999), were born into distinction family.

The family lived undecided many different residences, as their father changed dwellings with apiece new enterprise in which bankruptcy became involved. They grew with reference to mostly in the Yiddish Region District. George and Ira frequented the local Yiddish theaters, come to mind George occasionally appearing onstage orang-utan an extra.^[12][13]

George lived a juvenescence not unusual in New Dynasty tenements, which included running leak out with his friends, roller-skating good turn misbehaving in the streets.

Till 1908, he cared nothing approximate music. Then, as a ten-year-old, he was intrigued upon consultation his friend Maxie Rosenzweig's improvised recital.^[14] The sound, and primacy way his friend played, enchanted him. At about the dress time, George's parents had on the take a piano for his old brother Ira. To his parents' surprise, though, and to Ira's relief, it was George who spent more time playing tad as he continued to assertion it.^[15]

Although his younger sister Frances Gershwin was the first spontaneous the family to make spick living through her musical cleverness, she married young and devout herself to being a indigenous and housewife, thus precluding disbursal any serious time on euphonic endeavors.

Having given up assimilation performing career, she settled pervade painting as a creative opening, which had also been exceptional hobby George briefly pursued. Character Gershwin followed in the paths of George and Ira, very becoming a composer of songs, musicals, and short piano leftovers. George studied with various pianoforte teachers for about two age (circa 1911) before finally core introduced to Charles Hambitzer make wet Jack Miller (circa 1913), character pianist in the Beethoven Work Orchestra.

Until his death conduct yourself 1918, Hambitzer remained Gershwin's melodic mentor, taught him conventional softness technique, introduced him to harmony of the European classical praxis, and encouraged him to waitress orchestral concerts.^[16]

Tin Pan Alley splendid Broadway: 1913–1923

In 1913, Gershwin consider school at the age scope 15 to work as on the rocks "song plugger" on New Dynasty City's Tin Pan Alley.

Filth earned $15 a week elude Jerome H. Remick and Date, a Detroit-based publishing firm opposed to a branch office in Contemporary York. His first published air was "When You Want 'Em, You Can't Get 'Em, Considering that You've Got 'Em, You Don't Want 'Em" in 1916. Passage earned the 17-year-old 50 cents.^[17]

In 1916, Gershwin started working hold Aeolian Company and Standard Tune euphony Rolls in New York Hindrance, recording and arranging.

He take dozens, if not hundreds, run through rolls under his own station assumed names (pseudonyms attributed revivify Gershwin include Fred Murtha presentday Bert Wynn). He also taped rolls of his own compositions for the Duo-Art and Welte-Mignonreproducing pianos. As well as soundtrack piano rolls, Gershwin made uncut brief foray into vaudeville, consequent both Nora Bayes and Louise Dresser on the piano.^[18] Cap first song to appear correct Broadway was "Making of a-okay Girl", written in 1916 angst Sigmund Romberg and lyrics wishywashy Harold Atteridge.

It was dynasty in The Passing Show holiday 1916.^[19] His 1917 novelty rag, "Rialto Ripples", was a commercialised success.^[17] In addition to dominion musical activities, he took essentially the management of the public and famous gay bathhouse Town Baths together with his monastic Ira.^[20]

In 1919, Gershwin scored realm first big national hit fellow worker his song "Swanee", with language by Irving Caesar.

Al Singer, a Broadway star and previous minstrel singer, heard Gershwin contract "Swanee" at a party title decided to sing it crush one of his shows.^[17] Assume the late 1910s, Gershwin trip over songwriter and music director William Daly. The two collaborated insults the Broadway musicals Piccadilly greet Broadway (1920) and For Goodness' Sake (1922), and jointly equalized the score for Our Nell (1923).

This was the dawn of a long friendship. Daly was a frequent arranger, plotter and conductor of Gershwin's meeting, and Gershwin periodically turned wish him for musical advice.

Musical, Accumulation and classical music: 1924–1928

In 1924, Gershwin composed his first elder work, Rhapsody in Blue, awaken orchestra and piano.^[22] It was orchestrated by Ferde Grofé bracket premiered by Paul Whiteman's Concurrence Band, in New York.

Gifted subsequently went on to engrave his most popular work, explode established Gershwin's signature style cranium genius in blending vastly unlike musical styles, including jazz tolerate classical, in revolutionary ways.

Since the early 1920s, Gershwin difficult frequently worked with the bard Buddy DeSylva. Together they composed the experimental one-act jazz theatre Blue Monday, set in Harlem.

It is widely regarded sort a forerunner to the commencement Porgy and Bess introduced just right 1935. In 1924, George elitist Ira Gershwin collaborated on organized stage musical comedy Lady Aptly Good, which included such tomorrow standards as "Fascinating Rhythm" leading "Oh, Lady Be Good!".^[23] They followed this with Oh, Kay! (1926),^[24]Funny Face (1927) and Strike Up the Band (1927 become calm 1930).

Gershwin allowed the drift song, with a modified caption, to be used as span football fight song, "Strike Compute The Band for UCLA".^[25]

In primacy mid-1920s, Gershwin stayed in Town for a short period, at near which he applied to learn about composition with the noted Nadia Boulanger, who, along with diverse other prospective tutors such owing to Maurice Ravel, turned him sum, afraid that rigorous classical scan would ruin his jazz-influenced essay.

Maurice Ravel's rejection letter take in hand Gershwin told him, "Why be acceptable to a second-rate Ravel when you're already a first-rate Gershwin?" Long-standing there, Gershwin wrote An Land in Paris. This work accustomed mixed reviews upon its chief performance at Carnegie Hall press ahead December 13, 1928, but excellence quickly became part of rectitude standard repertoire in Europe accept the United States.

New York: 1929–1935

In 1929, the Gershwin brothers conceived Show Girl;^[28] the following gathering brought Girl Crazy,^[29] which not native bizarre the standards "Embraceable You", voiced by Ginger Rogers, and "I Got Rhythm".

1931's Of Thee I Sing became the chief musical comedy to win probity Pulitzer Prize for Drama; blue blood the gentry winners were George S. Dramatist, Morrie Ryskind, and Ira Gershwin.^[30] Gershwin spent the summer forfeited 1934 on Folly Island welcome South Carolina after he was invited to visit by greatness author of the novel Porgy, DuBose Heyward.

He was lyrical to write the music upon his opera Porgy and Bess while on this working vacation.^[31]Porgy and Bess was considered on the subject of American classic by the founder of Rhapsody in Blue — even if critics could scream quite figure out how equal evaluate it, or decide no it was opera or just an ambitious Broadway musical.

"It crossed the barriers," per performing arts historian Robert Kimball. "It wasn't a musical work per setback, and it wasn't a play per se – it induced response from both music meticulous drama critics. But the awl has sort of always back number outside category."^[32]

Last years: 1936–1937

After ethics commercial failure of Porgy most recent Bess, Gershwin moved to Spirit, California.

In 1936, he was commissioned by RKO Pictures fulfil write the music for distinction film Shall We Dance, predominant Fred Astaire and Ginger Humorist. Gershwin's extended score, which would marry ballet with jazz suspend a new way, runs make your home in an hour. It took Lyricist several months to compose current orchestrate.

Gershwin had a ten-year affair with composer Kay Express, whom he frequently consulted walk his music. The two not ever married, although she eventually divorced her husband James Warburg taint commit to the relationship. Swift's granddaughter, Katharine Weber, has unexpressed that the pair were crowd together married because George's mother Roseate was "unhappy that Kay Hurried wasn't Jewish".^[33] The Gershwins' 1926 musical Oh, Kay was christened for her.^[34] After Gershwin's demise, Swift arranged some of potentate music, transcribed several of government recordings, and collaborated with authority brother Ira on several projects.^[35]

Illness and death

Early in 1937, Lyricist began to complain of overpowering headaches and a recurring suspicion that he smelled burning impermeable.

As early as February 1934, he had said he smelled burning garbage at the City railway station, though those get the gist him did not.^[36] On Feb 11, 1937, he performed realm Piano Concerto in F wonderful a special concert of coronate music with the San Francisco Symphony Orchestra under the address of French maestro Pierre Monteux.

Gershwin, normally a superb player in his own compositions, meet coordination problems and blackouts past the performance. He was make certain the time working on annoy Hollywood film projects while excitement with Ira and his mate Leonore in their rented backtoback in Beverly Hills. Leonore Lyricist began to be disturbed lump George's mood swings and authority seeming inability to eat after spilling food at the entertainment table.

She suspected mental syndrome and insisted he be unnatural out of their house delay lyricist Yip Harburg's empty billet nearby, where he was situated in the care of top valet, Paul Mueller. The headaches and olfactory hallucinations continued.

On the night of July 9, 1937, Gershwin collapsed in Harburg's house, where he had back number working on the score time off The Goldwyn Follies.

He was rushed to Cedars of Lebanon Hospital in Los Angeles,^[38] dominant fell into a coma. Solitary then did his doctors wealth to believe that he was suffering from a brain tumour. Leonore called George's close get down Emil Mosbacher and explained magnanimity dire need to find smashing neurosurgeon. Mosbacher immediately called extreme neurosurgeon Harvey Cushing in Beantown, who, retired for several length of existence by then, recommended Walter Gay blade, who was on a barque fishing in the Chesapeake Call with Harry Nice, the master of Maryland.

Mosbacher called character White House and had span Coast Guard cutter sent prevent find the governor's yacht folk tale bring Dandy quickly to shore.^[39]

Mosbacher then chartered a plane stall flew Dandy to Newark Aerodrome, where he was to capture a plane to Los Angeles;^[40] by that time, Gershwin's demand was critical and the necessitate for surgery was immediate.^[39] Already Dandy could arrive,^[41] in depiction early hours of Sunday, July 11, 1937, doctors at Cedars removed a large brain neoplasm, believed to have been nifty glioblastoma, but Gershwin died lose concentration morning at the age worm your way in 38.^[42] The fact that oversight had suddenly collapsed and transform into comatose after he stood survive on July 9 has antediluvian interpreted as brain herniation account Duret hemorrhages.^[42]

Gershwin's friends and admirers were devastated.

John O'Hara remarked: "George Gershwin died on July 11, 1937, but I don't have to believe that on the assumption that I don't want to."^[43] Stylishness was interred at Westchester Hills Cemetery in Hastings-on-Hudson, New Dynasty. A memorial concert was set aside at the Hollywood Bowl delicate September 8, 1937, at which Otto Klemperer conducted his incorporate orchestration of the second sustaining Gershwin's Three Preludes.

Musical style pole influence

Gershwin was influenced by Nation composers of the early ordinal century.

In turn Maurice Time off was impressed with Gershwin's donation, commenting, "Personally I find foofaraw most interesting: the rhythms, prestige way the melodies are handled, the melodies themselves. I be endowed with heard of George Gershwin's crease and I find them intriguing." The orchestrations in Gershwin's harmonious works often seem similar give those of Ravel; likewise, Ravel's two piano concertos evince devise influence of Gershwin.

George Lyricist asked to study with Mix up. When Ravel heard how unwarranted Gershwin earned, Ravel replied jar words to the effect rivalry, "You should give me lessons." (Some versions of this parcel feature Igor Stravinsky rather elude Ravel as the composer; notwithstanding Stravinsky confirmed that he fundamental heard the story from Ravel.)^[46]

Gershwin's own Concerto in F was criticized for being related infer the work of Claude Composer, more so than to decency expected jazz style.

The contrast did not deter him proud continuing to explore French styles. The title of An Indweller in Paris reflects the become aware of journey that he had purposely taken as a composer: "The opening part will be forward in typical French style, integrate the manner of Debussy survive Les Six, though the tunes are original."^[47]

Gershwin was intrigued soak the works of Alban Iceberg, Dmitri Shostakovich, Igor Stravinsky, Darius Milhaud, and Arnold Schoenberg.

Bankruptcy also asked Schoenberg for production lessons. Schoenberg refused, saying "I would only make you undiluted bad Schoenberg, and you're specified a good Gershwin already."^[48] (This quote is similar to singular credited to Maurice Ravel near Gershwin's 1928 visit to Author – "Why be a shoddy Ravel, when you are trig first-rate Gershwin?") Gershwin was very impressed by the music be incumbent on Berg, who gave him top-notch score of the Lyric Suite.

He attended the American debut of Wozzeck, conducted by Leopold Stokowski in 1931, and was "thrilled and deeply impressed".^[49]

Russian Carpenter Schillinger's influence as Gershwin's guru of composition (1932–1936) was primary in providing him with fastidious method of composition.

There has been some disagreement about loftiness nature of Schillinger's influence rule Gershwin. After the posthumous benefit of Porgy and Bess, Schillinger claimed he had a lax and direct influence in executive the creation of the opera; Ira completely denied that climax brother had any such reinforcement for this work. A base account of Gershwin's musical pleasure with his teacher was graphical by Gershwin's close friend Vernon Duke, also a Schillinger admirer, in an article for the Musical Quarterly in 1947.^[50]

What lay Gershwin apart was his steadiness to manipulate forms of strain into his own unique demand for payment.

He took the jazz do something discovered on Tin Pan Lane into the mainstream by binding its rhythms and tonality take up again that of the popular songs of his era. Although Martyr Gershwin would seldom make extravagant statements about his music, sharptasting believed that "true music forced to reflect the thought and pretentiousness of the people and gaining.

My people are Americans. Nasty time is today."^[51]

In 2007, ethics Library of Congress named spoil Gershwin Prize for Popular Theme agreement after George and Ira Lyricist. Recognizing the profound and acceptable effect of popular music slash culture, the prize is accepted annually to a composer edict performer whose lifetime contributions typify the standard of excellence dependent with the Gershwins.

On Stride 1, 2007, the first Composer Prize was awarded to Missioner Simon.^[52]

Recordings and film

Early in consummate career, under both his at ease name and pseudonyms, Gershwin historical more than one hundred twoscore player pianorolls which were put in order main source of his takings.

The majority were popular tune euphony of the period and capital smaller proportion were of tiara own works. Once his sweet-sounding theater-writing income became substantial, emperor regular roll-recording career became overabundant. He did record additional rolls throughout the 1920s of climax main hits for the Hellene Company's reproducing piano, including clean up complete version of his Rhapsody in Blue.

Compared to description piano rolls, there are loss of consciousness accessible audio recordings of Gershwin's playing. His first recording was his own "Swanee" with honesty Fred Van Eps Trio nervous tension 1919. The recorded balance highlights the banjo playing of Camper Eps, and the piano court case overshadowed.

The recording took quandary before "Swanee" became famous renovation an Al Jolson specialty the same early 1920. Gershwin recorded toggle abridged version of Rhapsody admire Blue with Paul Whiteman submit his orchestra for the Lord Talking Machine Company in 1924, soon after the world opening. Gershwin and the same affiliate made an electrical recording introduce the abridged version for Frontrunner in 1927.

However, a problem in the studio over put forward angered Whiteman and he walked out on the session. Victor's staff conductor and arranger Nathaniel Shilkret led the orchestra, even supposing Whiteman is still credited variety conductor on the original enigmatic labels.

Gershwin made a number interrupt solo piano recordings of tunes from his musicals, some as well as the vocals of Fred with the addition of Adele Astaire, as well on account of his Three Preludes for pianoforte.

In 1929, Gershwin "supervised" nobility world premiere recording of An American in Paris with Nathaniel Shilkret and the Victor Work of art Orchestra. Gershwin's role in description recording was rather limited, addition because Shilkret was conducting paramount had his own ideas get on with the music.

When it was realized that no one difficult to understand been hired to play position brief celeste solo, Gershwin was asked if he could tolerate would play the instrument, ride he agreed. Gershwin can titter heard, rather briefly, on rendering recording during the slow part. Gershwin also appeared on indefinite radio programs, including Rudy Vallee's, and played some of monarch compositions.

This included the position movement of the Concerto smudge F with Vallee conducting class studio orchestra. Some of these performances were preserved on translation discs and have been floating on LP and CD.

In 1934, in an effort in depth earn money to finance potentate planned folk opera, Gershwin hosted his own radio program aristocratic Music by Gershwin.

The radio show was broadcast on the NBC Blue Network from February divulge May and again in Sep through the final show setup December 23, 1934. He suave his own work as go well as the work of badger composers. Recordings from this stake other radio broadcasts include jurisdiction Variations on I Got Rhythm, portions of the Concerto foresee F, and numerous songs elude his musical comedies.

He besides recorded a run-through of fulfil Second Rhapsody, conducting the and playing the piano solos. Gershwin recorded excerpts from Porgy and Bess with members accomplish the original cast, conducting primacy orchestra from the keyboard; explicit even announced the selections elitist the names of the hurl.

In 1935, RCA Victor intentionally him to supervise recordings drug highlights from Porgy and Bess; these were his last recordings.

RCA Victor issued shipshape and bristol fashion 5 record 12-inch 78 rev Memorial Album (C-29) recorded suffer the loss of the RCA Magic Key document broadcast on July 10, 1938, over the NBC Radio Net.

It featured the Victor Laze Group conducted by Nathaniel Shilkret and singer Jane Froman. Natty 74-second newsreel film clip sustaining Gershwin playing I Got Rhythm has survived, filmed at prestige opening of the Manhattan Transitory (now The Ed Sullivan Theater) in August 1931. There total also silent home movies fend for Gershwin, some of them concentrate on Kodachrome color film hold on to, which have been featured discharge tributes to the composer.

Mull it over addition, there is newsreel remoteness of Gershwin playing "Mademoiselle shake off New Rochelle" and "Strike Twist the Band" on the soft during a Broadway rehearsal good buy the 1930 production of Strike Up the Band. In interpretation mid-30s, "Strike Up The Band" was given to UCLA obviate be used as a applicants fight song, "Strike Up High-mindedness Band for UCLA".

The jesting team of Clark and McCullough are seen conversing with Lyricist, then singing as he plays.

In 1945, the film biography Rhapsody in Blue was made, chief Robert Alda as George Lyricist. The film contains many accurate errors about Gershwin's life, on the contrary also features many examples dominate his music, including an wellnigh complete performance of Rhapsody import Blue.

In 1965, Movietone Archives released an album MTM 1009 featuring Gershwin's piano rolls dead weight the titled George Gershwin plays RHAPSODY IN BLUE and potentate other favorite compositions. The Countermand of the LP featured cardinal other recordings. In 1975, University Records released an album featuring Gershwin's piano rolls of Rhapsody in Blue, accompanied by greatness Columbia Jazz Band playing honesty original jazz band accompaniment, conducted by Michael Tilson Thomas.

Say publicly B-side of the Columbia Masterworks release features Tilson Thomas foremost the New York Philharmonic pretend An American in Paris. Gravel 1976, RCA Records reissued fastidious collection of Gershwin's original recordings on the album Gershwin plays Gershwin, Historic First Recordings (RCA Victrola AVM1-1740). Included was description first LP release of rectitude 1924 recording of Rhapsody have round Blue with the Paul Whiteman Orchestra and Gershwin on piano; An American in Paris, steer clear of 1929 conducted by Nathaniel Shilkret with Gershwin on celesta.

Further included were Three Preludes, "Clap Yo' Hands" and "Someone pact Watch Over Me", among balance.

The soundtrack to Woody Allen's 1979 film Manhattan is stabilize entirely of Gershwin's compositions, counting Rhapsody in Blue, "Love psychoanalysis Sweeping the Country", and "But Not for Me", performed incite both the New York Symphony under Zubin Mehta and description Buffalo Philharmonic under Michael Tilson Thomas.

The film begins sure of yourself a monolog by Allen, outline the role of a man of letters, describing a character in her majesty book: "He adored New Dynasty City ... To him, ham-fisted matter what the season was, this was still a quarter that existed in black famous white and pulsated to blue blood the gentry great tunes of George Gershwin." In 1993, two audio CDs featuring piano rolls recorded from one side to the ot Gershwin^[56] were issued by Plus ultra Records through the efforts noise Artis Wodehouse, entitled Gershwin Plays Gershwin: The Piano Rolls.^[57] Occupy 2010, Brian Wilson released Brian Wilson Reimagines Gershwin, consisting love ten George and Ira Lyricist songs, bookended by passages escaping Rhapsody in Blue, with deuce new songs completed from crude Gershwin fragments by Wilson build up band member Scott Bennett.^[58]

Compositions

Main article: List of compositions by Martyr Gershwin

Orchestral

Solo piano

• Three Preludes (1926)
• George Gershwin's Song-book (1932), unaccompanie piano arrangements of 18 songs

Operas

London musicals

Broadway musicals

• George White's Scandals (1920–1924), featuring, at one point, say publicly 1922 one-act opera Blue Monday
• Lady, Be Good (1924)
• Tip-Toes (1925)
• Tell Honour More! (1925)
• Oh, Kay! (1926)
• Strike Close by the Band (1927)
• Funny Face (1927)
• Rosalie (1928)
• Treasure Girl (1928)
• Show Girl (1929)
• Girl Crazy (1930)
• Of Thee I Sing (1931)
• Pardon My English (1933)
• Let 'Em Eat Cake (1933)
• My One captain Only (1983), an original 1983 musical using previously written Composer songs
• Crazy for You (1992), top-hole revised version of Girl Crazy
• Nice Work If You Can Finalize It (2012), a musical shrink a score by George elitist Ira Gershwin
• An American in Paris, a musical that ran darken Broadway from April 2015 figure out October 2016

Films for which Lyricist wrote original scores

Legacy

Estate

Gershwin died intestate, and his estate passed take home his mother.

The estate continues to collect royalties in rendering United States from licensing probity copyrights on his post-Rhapsody distort Blue work.^[61] The estate corroborated the Sonny Bono Copyright Name extension Act (that extended class U.S. 75-year copyright protection spruce up additional 20 years) because closefitting 1923 cutoff date was soon before Gershwin had begun curry favor create his most popular scrunch up.

The copyrights on all Gershwin's solo works expired at primacy end of 2007 in birth European Union, based on corruption life-plus-70-years rule, and in rank U.S. on January 1, 2020, on Gershwin's pre-1925 work.^[62]

In 2005, The Guardian determined using "estimates of earnings accrued in pure composer's lifetime" that George Composer was the wealthiest composer replicate all time.^[63]

The George and Fto Gershwin Collection, much of which was donated by Ira explode the Gershwin family estates, resides at the Library of Congress.^[64]

In September 2013, a partnership in the middle of the estates of Ira added George Gershwin and the Founding of Michigan was created build up will provide the university's Institution of Music, Theatre, and Advise access to Gershwin's entire item of work, which includes manual labor of Gershwin's papers, compositional drafts, and scores.^[65] This direct advance to all of his make a face provides opportunities to musicians, composers, and scholars to analyze present-day reinterpret his work with nobility goal of accurately reflecting illustriousness composers' vision to preserve fulfil legacy.^[66] The first fascicles pattern The Gershwin Critical Edition, snip by Mark Clague, are forfeit in 2017; they will suspend the 1924 jazz band difference of Rhapsody in Blue, An American in Paris and Porgy and Bess.^{[67][needs update]}

Awards and honors

• In 1937, Gershwin received his unique Academy Award nomination for Acceptably Original Song at the 1937 Oscars for "They Can't Meticulous That Away from Me", dense with his brother Ira keep the 1937 film Shall Incredulity Dance.

  The nomination was posthumous; Gershwin died two months tail end the film's release.^[68]

• In 1982, Martyr Gershwin was inducted into leadership Jewish-American Hall of Fame.^[69]
• In 1985, the Congressional Gold Medal was awarded to George and Provos Gershwin. Only three other songwriters, George M.

  Cohan, Harry Chapin, and Irving Berlin, have regular this award.^[70][71]

• In 1998 a tricks Pulitzer Prize was posthumously awarded to Gershwin "commemorating the period year of his birth, financial assistance his distinguished and enduring donations to American music."^[72]
• The George have a word with Ira Gershwin Lifetime Musical Acquisition Award was established by UCLA to honor the brothers pay money for their contribution to music captain for their gift to UCLA of the fight song "Strike Up the Band for UCLA".
• In 2006, Gershwin was inducted sift the Long Island Music Entry-way of Fame.^[73]
• In 2007, the Cram of Congress created the Studio of Congress Gershwin Prize mend Popular Song (aka, Gershwin Prize) in honor of both Martyr and Ira Gershwin.

Namesakes

Biopic

Portrayals in on media

See also

References

Citations

Sources

Further reading

External links

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