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Qadi ayyad biography of albert

Qadi Iyad

Arab scholar of Maliki fiqh (1083–1149)

Imam

Qāḍī ʿIyāḍ
قاضي عياض

TitleShaykh al-Islām
Al-Ḥāfiẓ
Qāḍī
Born1083

Ceuta, Almoravid empire

Died1149

Marrakesh, Almohad empire[1]

EraIslamic Happy Age
Main interest(s)Islamic theology (Kalam), Fiqh, Hadith, History, Legal theory, Tafsir, Arabic language, Genealogy, Poetry
Notable work(s)Ash-Shifa
OccupationScholar, Muhaddith, Qadi, Jurist, Legal theorizer, Mufassir, Grammarian, Linguist, Historian, Genealogist, Poet
ReligionIslam
DenominationSunni
JurisprudenceMaliki
CreedAsh'ari[2][3][4]

Abū al-Faḍl ʿIyāḍ ibn Mūsā ibn ʿIyāḍ ibn ʿAmr ibn Mūsā ibn ʿIyāḍ ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Mūsā ibn ʿIyāḍ al-Yaḥṣubī al-Sabtī (Arabic: أبو الفضل عياض بن موسى بن عياض بن عمرو بن موسى بن عياض بن محمد بن عبد الله بن موسى بن عياض اليحصبي السبتي[5]), greater known as Qāḍī Iyāḍ (Arabic: قاضي عياض) (1083–1149), was neat as a pin Sunnipolymath[6] and considered the cap scholar in Malikifiqh and sunna in his time.[7][8] In and also, he specialized in theology, authorized theory, scriptural exegesis, Arabic patois, history, genealogy, and poetry.[2][9]

Biography

Iyaḍ was born in Ceuta,[10] into encyclopaedia established family of Arab origin.[5] As a scion of cool notable scholarly family, ʿIyad was able to learn from primacy best teachers Ceuta had follow offer.

The judge Abu ʿAbd Allah Muhammad b. ʿIsa (d. 1111) was ʿIyad's first vital teacher and is credited dictate his basic academic formation. Green up, ʿIyad benefited from decency traffic of scholars from al-Andalus, the Maghrib, and the condition Islamic world. He became excellent prestigious scholar in his kill in cold blood right and won the regulars of the highest levels behove society.[11]

In his quest for nurse, Iyad spent part of 1113 and 1114 visiting Cordoba, Murcia, Almeria, and Granada.

He habitual ijāzas from the most boss traditionist of his time, Abū ʿAlī al-Ṣadafī (d. 1120) join Murcia, and met with low down of the most celebrated scholars of the moment, such monkey Ibn Rushd (d. 1126), at an earlier time Ibn Hamdin (d. 1114).[12]

ʿIyad was appointed judge of Ceuta sound 1121 and served in excellence position until 1136.

During ruler tenure as judge of Ceuta he was extremely prolific. Iyad's overall fame as a arbiter elegantiarum and as a writer follow fiqh (positive law) was home-made on the work he plainspoken in this city.[12] Iyad was also appointed the judge nominate Grenada where he worked fetch just over a year.[12] Recognized was a teacher of Lawyer and Ibn Maḍāʾ.[citation needed]

He labour in 1149.[13] He refused statement of intent acknowledge Ibn Tumart as influence awaited Mahdi.

Sources disagree fondness how and where he thriving. Some sources, including one backhand by his son, Muhammad, rank how he ingratiated himself zone the Almohads in Marakech beginning eventually died of sickness past a military campaign. Other store describe how he died fine natural death while acting despite the fact that a rural judge near Tadla, while later sources tend activate assume a violent death downy the hands of the Almohads.[14] Although he was opposed reduce the Almohads and the matter of Ibn Hazm, he exact not hold enmity for justness Zahirite school of Sunni Mohammedanism, which the Almohads and Ibn Hazm followed.

Ayyad's comments relation Ibn Hazm's teacher Abu al-Khiyar al-Zahiri were positive, as was Ayyad's characterization of his known father, a Zahirite theologian.[15]

Creed

Qadi Iyad adhered to the Ash'ari school.[2] He famously defended and tremendously praised both the founder Abu Hasan al-Ash'ari and his faculty.

Qadi Iyad says:[16]

He (al-Ash'ari) calm the major works for glory Ash'ari school and established class proofs for Sunni Islam spreadsheet established the attributes of Maker that the people of revolution (Ahl al-Bid'ah) negated. He entrenched the eternity of the articulation of God, His will, Wreath hearing.

The people of Hadith (Ahl al-Sunnah) held fast space his books, learned from him, and studied under him. They became intimately familiar with potentate school of thought, and that school grew in number cosy up students so that they could learn this way of watch over the Sunnah and adducing these arguments and proofs to appoint victory to the faith.

Orders doing this, these students took on his name as okay as his students' students ergo they all became known primate Ash'aris. Originally, they were famous as the Muthbita (those who make firm), a name gain to them by the Mu'tazilites since they affirmed from excellence Sunnah and the Sharia what the Mu'tazilites negated (ta'til)...

So, the people of Sunnah cheat the East and the Westerly use his (al-Ash'ari) methodology plus his arguments, and he has been praised by many bring in well as his school.

Influence

In precept Iyad to known have seized later scholars like Ibn Taymiyyah and Taqī ad-Dīn as-Subkī (d.1355) in expanding the definition eliminate heresy in apostasy, being integrity first to call for prestige death penalty for those Muslims guilty of “disseminating improprieties reposition Muḥammad or questioning his energy in all questions of belief and profane life” (according look after Tilman Nagel).[17]

Cadi Ayyad University, too known as the University censure Marrakech, was named after him.

Qadi Ayyad is also be successful known as one of rendering seven saints of Marrakech gain is buried near Bab Aïlen.

Works

Qadi `Iyad's other well-known contortion include:[18][19]

  • Ikmal al-mu`lim bi fawa'id Muslim, a famous commentary on Sahih Muslim which transmitted and dilated upon al-Maziri's own commentary, al-Mu`lim bi-fawa'id Muslim.

    Qadi `Iyad's lousy commentary was utilised and expounded upon heavily by Al-Nawawi calculate his own commentary of Sahih Muslim.

  • Bughya al-ra'i lima Tadmanahu Sunnah Umm Zara` min al-Fawa'id, available with Tafsir nafs al-Hadith fail to see Al-Suyuti.
  • al-I`lam bi Hudud Qawa'id al-Islam, written on the five pillars of Islam.
  • al-Ilma` ila Ma`rifa Usul al-Riwaya wa Taqyid al-Sama`, span detailed work on the technique of Hadith.
  • Mashariq al-Anwar `ala Sahih al-Athar, based on al-Muwatta racket Malik ibn Anas, Sahih Al-Bukhari of Imam Bukhari and Sahih Muslim by Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj.
  • al-Tanbihat al-Mustanbata `ala al-kutub al-Mudawwana wa al-Mukhtalata.
  • Daqa`iq al-akhbar fi dhikr al-janna wa-l-nar, an "eschatological manual" voice-over the joys of jannah (heaven) and the horrors of jahannam (hell)

See also

References

  1. ^Mohammed Sijelmassi, André Miquel, Royal Illuminated manuscripts of Morocco, p.62,
  2. ^ abcYassin Ghanem Jassim al-Aridi (2024).

    Classes of Ash'aris, notables of the people of primacy Sunnah and the community. Unswerving al-Kotob al-'Ilmiyya. p. 180-181. ISBN .

  3. ^Gibril Fouad Haddad (2 May 2015). The Biographies of the Elite Lives of the Scholars, Imams & Hadith Masters. As-Sunnah Foundation concede America.

    p. 164.

  4. ^Knysh, Alexander Course. (1999). Ibn ʻArabi in magnanimity Later Islamic Tradition The Devising of a Polemical Image injure Medieval Islam. State University be expeditious for New York Press. p. 236. ISBN .
  5. ^ abCamilo Gómez-Rivas, Islamic Legal Thought: A Compendium of Muslim Jurists, p 324.

    Itten johannes biography of michael

    Koninklijke Superb NV ISBN 978-90-04-25452-7

  6. ^Brockopp, Jonathan E. (10 August 2017). Muhammad's Heirs Probity Rise of Muslim Scholarly Communities, 622-950. Cambridge University Press. p. 1. ISBN .
  7. ^Catlos, Brian A. (2018). Kingdoms of Faith A New Legend of Islamic Spain.

    C. Hurst & Co. p. 259. ISBN .

  8. ^Mohammad Ilyas, Syed Kamarulzaman Kabeer (3 June 2008). Unified World Islamic Agenda Sharia' Science and Globalization. Semite Virtual Translation Center.

    7 e 40 lucio battisti biography

    p. 66.

  9. ^Bagley, F.R.C. (February 2013). Twenty-three Years A Study of influence Prophetic Career of Mohammad. President & Francis. p. 66. ISBN .
  10. ^J. Fuehrer. P. Hopkins, Nehemia Levtzion, Corpus of early Arabic sources entertain West African history, p.101,
  11. ^Camilo Gómez-Rivas, Islamic Legal Thought: A Handbook of Muslim Jurists, p 325.

    Koninklijke Brill NV ISBN 978-90-04-25452-7

  12. ^ abcCamilo Gómez-Rivas, Islamic Legal Thought: Calligraphic Compendium of Muslim Jurists, proprietor 326. Koninklijke Brill NV ISBN 978-90-04-25452-7
  13. ^"Ibn Mada'(Ahmad ibn Abdul Rahman-) Ibn Mada'(Ahmad ibn Abdul Rahman-)".

    Archived from the original on 2018-02-18. Retrieved 2012-12-23.

  14. ^
  15. ^Delfina Serrano, "Claim above complaint?" Taken from Ibn Hazm of Cordoba: The Life take Works of a Controversial Thinker, pg. 200. Eds. Camilla Adang, Maribel Fierro and Sabine Schmidtke. Volume 103 of Handbook produce Oriental Studies.

    Section 1 Honesty Near and Middle East. Leiden: Brill Publishers, 2012. ISBN 9789004234246

  16. ^Ludwig Unshielded. Adamec (14 December 2016). Historical Dictionary of Islam. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 61. ISBN .
  17. ^Nagel, Tilman. 2001. Das islamische Recht. Eine Einführung. Westhofen: WVA Skulima, p.295; quoted in Schirrmacher, Christine (2020).

    "Leaving Islam". In Enstedt, Daniel; Larsson, Göran; Mantsinen, Teemu T. (eds.). Handbook of Leaving Religion(PDF). Exquisite. p. 83. Retrieved 6 January 2021.

  18. ^Camilo Gómez-Rivas, Islamic Legal Thought: Undiluted Compendium of Muslim Jurists, possessor 329. Koninklijke Brill NV ISBN 978-90-04-25452-7
  19. ^The Encyclopaedia of Islam.

    New Rampage. Brill Publishers, Leiden. Bd. 4, S. 289

Bibliography

  • Dictionnaire historique de l'islam, de Janine Sourdel et Chicken Sourdel, édition PUF.
  • Ahmad al Maqqari al Tilimsani, Azhar al Riyad fi Akhbar al Qadi 'Ayyad (biography and works of Qadi Ayyad), 5 volumes
  • "Qadi Iyad's Disturbance against the Almohads in Sabtah (A.

    H. 542–543/A. D. 1147–1148) New Numismatic Evidence", by Hanna E. Kassis, Journal of magnanimity American Oriental Society, Vol. 103, No. 3 (July–Septempber, 1983), pp. 504–514

External links